[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.garama.cz\/zpatky-za-penezi\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.garama.cz\/zpatky-za-penezi\/","headline":"Zp\u00e1tky za pen\u011bzi","name":"Zp\u00e1tky za pen\u011bzi","description":"Nen\u00ed nic tak pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho, tou\u017een\u00e9ho, ale i nen\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00e9ho, jako jsou pen\u00edze. Jsou s\u00a0n\u00e1mi hodn\u011b dlouho, u\u017e v\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch civilizace, lid\u00e9 pot\u0159ebovali sm\u011bnit sv\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed za n\u011bco univers\u00e1ln\u00edho, skladn\u00e9ho a cenn\u00e9ho. Prvn\u00ed m\u011bnou bylo zlato a jin\u00e9 kovy, k\u016f\u017ee, drahokamy, ko\u0159en\u00ed, mu\u0161le […]","datePublished":"2020-09-14","dateModified":"2020-09-14","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.garama.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.garama.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fb50772173929303fbe6024f179e4dd9837c71f6efc661bdb046860d442d05b5?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fb50772173929303fbe6024f179e4dd9837c71f6efc661bdb046860d442d05b5?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"garama.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.garama.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a336536_w1706_t1549959821.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.garama.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a336536_w1706_t1549959821.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.garama.cz\/zpatky-za-penezi\/","wordCount":571,"articleBody":"\tNen\u00ed nic tak pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho, tou\u017een\u00e9ho, ale i nen\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00e9ho, jako jsou pen\u00edze.\tJsou s\u00a0n\u00e1mi hodn\u011b dlouho, u\u017e v\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch civilizace, lid\u00e9 pot\u0159ebovali sm\u011bnit sv\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed za n\u011bco univers\u00e1ln\u00edho, skladn\u00e9ho a cenn\u00e9ho. Prvn\u00ed m\u011bnou bylo zlato a jin\u00e9 kovy, k\u016f\u017ee, drahokamy, ko\u0159en\u00ed, mu\u0161le a pl\u00e1tno. Ji\u017e kolem roku 5000 p\u0159. n. l. se pou\u017e\u00edvalo st\u0159\u00edbro, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159esn\u011b odva\u017eovalo. Ale to bylo slo\u017eit\u00e9, tak bylo v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed nahrazeno mincemi, kousky drah\u00e9ho kovu o ur\u010dit\u00e9, p\u0159edem dan\u00e9 velikosti, kter\u00e9 se po\u010d\u00edtaly.\t\tRazily se na n\u011b obvykle obr\u00e1zky m\u011bst a panovn\u00edk\u016f. Prvn\u00ed z\u00a0nich se objevily v\u00a07. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. a byly z\u00a0elektra, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed slitiny zlata a st\u0159\u00edbra. Ve starov\u011bk\u00fdch Ath\u00e9n\u00e1ch se razilo z\u00a0jedn\u00e9 jednotky st\u0159\u00edbra (talentu = 21,196 kg) 6000 Drachem, toto ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed ceny, kolik minc\u00ed je z\u00a0jednotky st\u0159\u00edbra, se pou\u017e\u00edvalo a\u017e do konce 19. stolet\u00ed. V\u00a0\u0158\u00edm\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvala m\u011b\u010f a bronz. Sm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f minc\u00ed vedlo ke vzniku prvn\u00edch st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch bank.\t\tPostupem \u010dasu tyto mince ale ztr\u00e1celi svoji hodnotu, a to hlavn\u011b d\u00edky dovozu levn\u00e9ho st\u0159\u00edbra z\u00a0Ameriky. Postupn\u011b znamenaly sp\u00ed\u0161e d\u016fv\u011bru v\u00a0bohatstv\u00ed panovn\u00edka, kter\u00fd je nechal razit. Toto dalo vzniknout nov\u00e9mu druhu platidla \u2013 bankovk\u00e1m.\tNejstar\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0nich byly sp\u00ed\u0161e sm\u011bnkami, nebo slou\u017eily jako potvrzen\u00ed o zaplacen\u00ed dan\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvaly se d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 h\u016flky se z\u00e1\u0159ezy, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159elomily na polovinu a ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0\u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f obchodu si nechal jednu \u010d\u00e1st. Pozd\u011bji se tyto h\u016flky sm\u011b\u0148ovaly, a to dokonce a\u017e do 18. stolet\u00ed (Anglie). Ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b to byly i z\u00e1pisky o mno\u017estv\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00e9ho obil\u00ed v\u00a0s\u00fdpk\u00e1ch. Prvn\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00e9 sm\u011bnky slou\u017eily hlavn\u011b jako potvrzen\u00ed o zaplacen\u00ed a mohly b\u00fdt proplaceny v\u00a0jak\u00e9koliv bance. Bankovky, jak je zn\u00e1me dnes, s\u00a0jejich p\u0159edem vyzna\u010den\u00fdmi hodnotami, p\u0159i\u0161ly z\u00a0\u010c\u00edny, tam je pou\u017e\u00edvali ji\u017e od 11. stolet\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel s\u00a0bankovkami p\u0159i\u0161ly i bankroty bank, kter\u00e9 nem\u011bly dost zlata a st\u0159\u00edbra na proplacen\u00ed. V\u00edte, \u017ee Francouzsk\u00e1 revoluce je n\u00e1sledek st\u00e1tn\u00edho bankrotu po vyd\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed bankovek? Ano, pro pen\u00edze se i v\u00e1l\u010d\u00ed.\t\tVe 20. stolet\u00ed bankovky a drah\u00e9 kovy sv\u00e9 cesty \u00fapln\u011b rozd\u011blily. Zat\u00edm co bankovky maj\u00ed svoji pevn\u011b danou hodnotu, tak kovy se obchoduj\u00ed za prom\u011bnliv\u00e9 ceny. Paradox, \u017ee? A t\u00edm to nekon\u010d\u00ed, z\u0159izuj\u00ed se bankovn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dty a platebn\u00ed karty, a z\u00a0pen\u011bz se st\u00e1v\u00e1 vlastn\u011b jen pouh\u00fd elektronick\u00fd z\u00e1znam. Platby se t\u00edm velmi urychluj\u00ed, ale plno lid\u00ed se ocit\u00e1 ve finan\u010dn\u00ed nouzi, berou si nezodpov\u011bdn\u011b p\u016fj\u010dky, proto\u017ee vlastn\u00ed cenu t\u011bchto \u201e\u010d\u00edsel\u201c na prvn\u00ed pohled nevid\u00ed. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti nejsou pen\u00edze u\u017e ani kryt\u00e9 zlatem, proto\u017ee ho tolik nen\u00ed, jde o tzv. fiat m\u011bnu, zalo\u017eenou na z\u00e1ruk\u00e1ch st\u00e1t\u016f. Negativem je mo\u017enost inflace. Jako posledn\u00ed ji p\u0159ijalo \u0160v\u00fdcarsko v roce 1999, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie ji\u017e v\u00a01931. Souvislost s\u00a0inflacemi je opravdu patrn\u00e1.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.2\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Zp\u00e1tky za pen\u011bzi","item":"https:\/\/www.garama.cz\/zpatky-za-penezi\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]